The Leader

I never ideated of penning a blog about one politician, never felt so wretched from deep of my heart when someone died who is no way related to me, either personally or professionally or in any form.

I would like to cast one question to one and all, Have you ever seen or heard from the history books, people die of shock soon after the death of one politician, at least to my knowledge I never heard that.

This person is not so intelligent by birth, not a superman built but he is a hero of millions. It’s none other than just recently passed AP CM, Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy popularly YSR.

It was on July 08, 1947 it would be just another day for most of the people in the world, but there is reason for YS Raja Reddy and Jayamma, to celebrate, remember and cherish that particular day. Yes they blessed with baby boy at Jammalamadugu Mission Hospital near Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, India. All those shaking hands, congratulation would have never felt this boy is going to win millions of hearts and will get the followers everywhere in the world at that time. Nobody ever envisaged he is going to reserve some space for him in the pages of history. YSR, the power is in the name itself. He was called with the many names AP tiger, Pulivendala Puli etc.

Academics and Pre political life

YSR finished his schooling in Bellary at St John's school; he went to Loyola College, Vijayawada for pre university education. He received his MBBS degree from Gulbarga in Karnataka in 1972. He married to Vijaya the same year. After his internship at a Tirupati hospital, he was trained at Jammalamadugu by his paternal aunt Dr Ratnamma, elder sister of the former Pulivendla legislator, Dr S Purushottama Reddy. Thereafter, he worked in a hospital built for him by his father in Pulivendla.

YSR is average student in his studies but adopted the leadership qualities since his childhood. He is the eldest of five sons of YS Raja reddy a dynamic local leader in his heydays. YSR evinced interests in politics while studying at M.R. Medical College, Gulbarga in Karnataka. After completing his MBBS, YSR served as medical officer at the Jammalamadugu Mission Hospital for a brief period. In 1973, he established a 70-bed charitable hospital.

He had faced many contentions from the opposition and from his own political party Indira Congress. His enemies desired to prove YSR is corrupted in all potential ways including the religious issues of Tirupathi.

Religion

Everyone would be wondering whether he belongs to dominated cast Reddy or he belongs to the Christian religion. Yedugoori Sandinti Venkat Reddy a grand father of YSR was a Lord Venkateshwara devotee till Father Rolls and Sister Noble descended on his Balpanur village, near Pulivendla, Cuddapah district. These two British Protestants struck a chord in Venkat Reddy's heart, and he embraced Christianity. The whole village was soon gunning for his blood. Because of this their family ostracized from the village, but then Sarpanch Achutha Narayana Reddy came to his rescue. They stayed back in the same village till 1933 then moved to Pulivendla because they bought 120 acres of land their and happily settled, Then onwards whole family bosomed to Christianity. When asked, was there any reason for the conversion? "We realized Jesus is the real god," says Jayamma, mother of YSR.

The sudden death of his father YS Raja Reddy for a brutal murder made him go crazy and wanted the power at any cost with politics. Though he is being called as Cuddapah Tiger, people never afraid to come to him and explain about the problem.

Young CM?

When Congress party won the elections in 1994, it was lot of speculations that YSR would be the CM of that term, but it had given to senior most politicians Kotla Vijayabhaskar Reddy. The whole family of YSR disappointed with this decision from High Command as they were told in advance that YSR is the next CM. the family blame P V Narasimha Rao then prime minister for this decision they feel it’s a cheat from the PVN.

Political entry

Just 3 years later he plunged into politics, congress had been split into two parties Indira congress and Reddy congress. In 1978 general elections YSR elected to the state assembly from Pulivendula from Reddy-Congress party. Reddy congress manages to get only 3 MLA’s to the assembly. Reddy-Congress party later merged into congress instantly after the election. YSR has given the rural development minister of the state from 1980 to 1983 in T Anjaiah cabinet, excise minister in 1982 from Venkaram’s cabinet and education minister in Kotla Vijaybhaskar Reddy cabinet from 1982 to 1983. He retained the assembly seat in 1983 even when NTR swept to power with a historic victory. He became the youngest congress chief in 1983.

In the 1985 election, which saw a stronger wave privileging NTR (after Nandendla Bhaskar Rao usurped his mandate) than the 1984 Congress wave. YSR did a hat-trick in Pulivendla, polling 65 per cent of the votes. In 1989, he won the Cuddapah Lok Sabha seat while his brother Y S Vivekananda Reddy was elected from Pulivendla assembly constituency. In 1992, the latter quit the seat as YSR wanted to make a bid for the CM's post. But, as YSR had opted out of the CM race, his uncle Dr Purushottama Reddy was fielded in the by-election. He won the seat effortlessly. Pulivedla elected Vivekananda Reddy in 1994 despite another NTR wave.

YSR won the Cuddapah Lok Sabha seat first in 1989, then in 1991, 1996 and 1998.

Flitting from one controversy to the other, YSR is known to have made as many friends as enemies during his political career. Several Congress and Opposition leaders allege he was among those who instigated the 1990 Hyderabad communal riots.

Opposition leader

Sensing a potential leader in him, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi appointed YSR president of the state unit of Congress when he was only 34. But as mentioned above in 1989, he was elected to the Lok Sabha from Kadapa and held the seat till 1999, when he shifted again to state politics. From 1998 to 2000, he again served as president of the state Congress.

Though the party lost the 1999 state elections, YSR emerged as the strongest leader of the party and became the leader of opposition.

Turning point

The year 2003 was a turning point in his political career, as he undertook a 64-day padyatra, or walkathon, across the state. Covering 1,500 km under the scorching sun, he received petitions from people about their problems, mainly relating to agriculture and unemployment.

It was this campaign and a strong anti-incumbency wave against Chandrababu Naidu's government which catapulted YSR to power.

His experiences during the padyatra helped him shape his policies after assuming office as he gave free electricity to farmers, waived their loans, introduced several welfare schemes like pension for the aged, widows and handicapped, housing for poor, Rs.2-a-kg rice, Rajiv Arogyasri or community health insurance scheme and a massive programme to build irrigation projects.

Thanks to these promises which made him to become CM of AP for the first time in year 2004. Congress plus got 226 assembly seats out of 294 in this election.

His initiatives like Jala yagnam, free power to farmers, Rajiv arogyashree, pavala vaddi, indiramma illu, 2/kg rice and many more people friendly initiatives fetched to get another successful result in 2009 general elections. Congress has won 156 of Andhra Pradesh's 294 seats and bagged 33 of its 42 Lok Sabha seats. This time his slogan was development and the credibility.

Look at those numbers; not so easy achieve with the political entry of Megastar Chiranjeevi, strong TDP and this time without TRS, CPI & CPM.

People would have had other imprint on his religious space, one example I would like to advert, In April 2008, He donated a 1.5kg gold chain to Lord Venkateshwara, the presiding deity of the famed Tirumala-Tirupati hills. This is the best example to justify he is not up for any particular religion or for cast. Of course it’s always cast/religion equations plays a lead role in politics of AP or any state in India for that matter. The dominant Reddy fame helped YSR in large extent.

Ok, let’s get back to my heading, why I named this blog as “The Leader”, the answer is pretty simple I have nothing special to mention, instead I would say just read the biography of YSR. If someone asks me to define perfect example for the leader in public domain, I will give the name YSR.

Death

It leaves sorrow in the deep of everyone heart who wanted to see the developed India, for YSR death on 2^nd September 2009. YSR, who was killed in a helicopter crash on Wednesday at the age of 60, was a powerful and charismatic force in Andhra Pradesh politics. His death cut short the career of a feisty politician who helped the Congress return to power at the Centre in 2004 and led the party to victory in state assembly polls that year as well.

What's Future? Become farmers

The world has tens of thousands of hotshot fund managers right now. If I am correct, the financial community is not going to be a great place to be in for the next 30 years. We have many periods in history when financial people were in charge, we had many periods when people who produced real goods were in charge — miners, farmers, etc.

The world, in my view, is changing and is shifting away from the financial types to producers of real goods, and this is going to last for several decades as it always has. This may sound strange but it always happens this way. Ten years from now, it may be farmers who will drive the Lamborghinis and the stock brokers will drive tractors or taxis at best.

--Jim Rogers

Complete Interview

Great words

It's not birth, family, cast, riches, intelligence or money that take you to places. It's sheer hard work that takes you to greater heights. If you have the will, you can become whatever you want. No power on the earth can stop a sincere worker.

-Teja, Telugu film maker

You have to dream before your dreams can come true.

- Abdul Kalam, Former president of India

---------

More quotes

Stack:
Stack is a important data structure In Perl programming, and can be implemented using LIFO technique. i.e., the Last thing In is the First thing Out. So from the above demonstration(refer Figure 1.1), it's learnt that Stacks can be implemented using PUSH and POP commands.

Queue:
The queue is another data structure. A physical analogy for a queue is a line at a bank. When you go to the bank, customers go to the rear (end) of the line and customers come off of the line (i.e., are serviced) from the front of the line. So from the above demonstration(refer Figure 1.1), we can say that Queues can be implemented using PUSH and SHIFT.

Subroutines in Perl

There are three different formats to be used for calling the subroutines/methods,
"hello" is the subroutine name, say

1) &hello;
Subroutine definition can be made anywhere in the file.
& is to tell compiler that, hello is a subroutine.

2) hello();
Subroutine definition can be made anywhere in the file.
() is tell compiler that, hello is a subroutine.

3) hello;
Subroutine definitions should be made before invocation
If you have a subroutine definition after the invocation; at least you need to declare it with "sub hello;" before invocation.
here sub is tell compiler that, there would be a subroutine named hello anywhere in the file.

Ruby: Redirecting standard Input, Output or Error

Sometimes we may postulate to save the output of the program or errors generated in the program into a file or a file type object instead of sending them to default IO objects.

This technique is very simple in shell programming from the command prompt, but not too hard to achieve from the ruby.

The solution is pretty simple, Assign the IO object like a File, Socket to the the global variables such as $stdin, $stdout and/or $stderr.

Take a stab into this small chunk of ruby code, that will explicate everything mostly.

#/auto/itasca/tools/bin/ruby -w
require 'stringio'
new_stdout = StringIO.new #new_stdout is an stringIO object
$stdout = new_stdout #assign this object variable to the gloabal variable
puts "Hello Maruthi."
puts "I am writing to standard output"

$stderr.puts "The screen output will not shown"
$stderr.puts new_stdout.string

* Write the output to the StringIO object.
* Just set $stdout at the start of your program.
* Since $std objects are global variables, even temporary changes affects all threads in your scripts.
* The standard input, output and error streams of the process are always available as a constants STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR respectively.

Self in Ruby.

What is all about “self” in ruby.
An object can send a message in three ways:
1) It can send a message to the other object
2) It can send a message to no object, which implicitly sends message to itself
3) It can send a message to explicitly itself

Example for case-I
-------------------
class Upcaser
def some_behavior_on(a_string)
a_string.upcase
end
end
Upcaser.new.some_behavior_on("foo")
=> "FOO"

Example for case-II
--------------------
class Bouncer
def some_behavior
another_behavior
end
def another_behavior
"another_behavior used"
end
end
Bouncer.new.some_behavior
=> "another_behavior used"

Example for case-III
---------------------
class AnotherBouncer
def some_behavior
self.another_behavior
end
def another_behavior
"another_behavior used"
end
end
AnotherBouncer.new.some_behavior
=> "another_behavior used"

“self” is a variable that always names the object itself. It is not widely common in scripts, But it is mainly used in the following cases
Suppose you have a class that stores an integer and can do nothing but add one to it:
Self in Ruby. When you search for online code in ruby language, emphatically you will encounter with the key word self exploited in many places. Inquisitive to know more on self?

Here we go. Let’s have some basic background information on object to object interface in ruby. An object can send message to other object in 3 ways.
1) It can send a message to the other object.
2) It can send a message to no object, which implicitly sends message to itself
3) It can send a message to explicitly itself

Take an example for

Case-I
------
class Upcaser
def some_behavior_on(a_string)
a_string.upcase
end
end
Upcaser.new.some_behavior_on("maruthi")
=> "MARUTHI"

Case-II
--------
class Bouncer
def some_behavior
another_behavior
end
def another_behavior
"another_behavior used"
end
end
Bouncer.new.some_behavior
=> "another_behavior used"

Case-III
---------
class AnotherBouncer
def some_behavior
self.another_behavior
end
def another_behavior
"another_behavior used" -----> (1)
end
end
AnotherBouncer.new.some_behavior
=> "another_behavior used"

Let’s emphasize on case-III, In this case we have used “self”.

No we can define self; Self is an variable that always names the object itself. Of course it’s not widely common scripts. But it plays the vital role in the following cases.

Suppose you have a class that stores an integer and can do nothing but add one to it:

class Adder
attr_reader :value
def initialize
@value = 0
end
def add1
@value += 1
end
end

(@value += 1 is a shorthand way of writing @value = @value + 1.)

Further suppose you wanted to add three to one of these objects. You’d have to do this:
a = Adder.new
=> #

a.add1
=> 1

a.add1
=> 2

a.add1
=> 3

That’s rather verbose. But suppose add1 returned self instead of the result of the addition:

class Adder
def add1
@value += 1
self
end
end

That allows this more succinct form:

Adder.new.add1.add1.add1.value
=> 3

Some method names are also special words in the Ruby language. For example, when Ruby sees class, how does it know whether you are sending the class message to self or starting to define a new class?

The answer is that it doesn’t:

class Informer
def return_your_class
class
end
end
SyntaxError: compile error

You can prevent the error with self:

class Informer
def return_your_class
self.class
end
end
=> nil Informer.new.return_your_class
=> Informer

When you leave parentheses off messages with no arguments, what you have looks just like a local variable. Consider the following:

class M
def start
1
end
def multiplier
start = start -->(1)
start * 30
end
end

At (1), is the start to the right of the equal sign the local variable created on the left, or does it represent sending the message start to self? Let’s find out:

M.new.multiplier
NoMethodError: undefined method ‘*' for nil:NilClass in ‘multiplier'

Both uses of the word “start” refer to a variable, though the exact sequence of events is a little hard to figure out:

1. Ruby encounters the line at (1) It’s an assignment to a name never been seen before. Ruby creates the new local variable and gives it the value nil.
2. Ruby now looks at the right side of the assignment. There’s a reference to. . .what? Ruby guesses it’s the local variable start. So Ruby assigns start the value it already has, nil.
3. The next line multiplies nil by 30.
The problem can be avoided by sending the message to self. . .

start = self.start
. . . or by using parentheses:
start = start()

It’s a good idea to get in the habit of doing one or the other. I favor using self, for no good reason.

What is Ruby and Rails

What is Ruby?

Ruby is a pure object-oriented programming language with a super clean syntax that makes programming elegant and fun. Ruby successfully combines Smalltalk's conceptual elegance, Python's ease of use and learning, and Perl's pragmatism. Ruby originated in Japan in the early 1990s, and has started to become popular worldwide in the past few years as more English language books and documentation have become available.

What is Rails?

Rails is an open source Ruby framework for developing database-backed web applications. What's special about that? There are dozens of frameworks out there and most of them have been around much longer than Rails. Why should you care about yet another framework?

What would you think if I told you that you could develop a web application at least ten times faster with Rails than you could with a typical Java framework? You can--without making any sacrifices in the quality of your application! How is this possible?

Part of the answer is in the Ruby programming language. Many things that are very simple to do in Ruby are not even possible in most other languages. Rails takes full advantage of this. The rest of the answer is in two of Rail's guiding principles: less software and convention over configuration.

Less software means you write fewer lines of code to implement your application. Keeping your code small means faster development and fewer bugs, which makes your code easier to understand, maintain, and enhance. Very shortly, you will see how Rails cuts your code burden.

Convention over configuration means an end to verbose XML configuration files--there aren't any in Rails! Instead of configuration files, a Rails application uses a few simple programming conventions that allow it to figure out everything through reflection and discovery. Your application code and your running database already contain everything that Rails needs to know!

Difference between Use and Require in perl

Use :
1. The method is used only for the modules(only to include .pm type file)
2. The included objects are varified at the time of compilation.
3. No Need to give file extension.

Require:
1. The method is used for both libraries and modules.
2. The included objects are varified at the run time.
3. Need to give file Extension.

Exception handling in Ruby

Like Java, Ruby has the exception handling capabilities.
Handling the any type of exceptions in ruby is pretty simple,
Just use begin rescue pair w/t specifying what kind of exceptions you do want to catch.

begin
code
code
resuce Exception => msg
puts "Something went wrong ("+msg+")"
end

rescue/raise is used to signal error conditions. This is analogous to
Exceptions in Java or C++.

Throw/catch is used to unwind the stack to a desired point. It's like
a labeled break. For example:

catch(:done){
loop {
do_work
if time_to_stop? throw :done
}
}

It's nice because you can break out of arbitrarily nested loops/blocks/etc.

There appear to be 2 separate exception mechanisms in Ruby, catch/throw and
rescue/raise/retry. Is this right?

Not really. A throw just lets one unwind from some deep nesting without
generating a back trace, passing some value along to the catch.

It is much faster and lighter weight than the exception mechanism, and should
be used for cases where a fast, lightweight escape from some deep place is
wanted, perhaps with some passing of data from the deep place to the shallow
place, but where an actual exception isn't needed.